Why is it always the ones we love who hurt us most? The saying might be cliché, but for some Marylanders, it’s a downright nightmare-ish scenario. When someone close to you wants to physically hurt or abuse you, it’s time to seek out legal protection: A protective order.

  • A protective order is Maryland’s version of the better-known “restraining order,” with some special state-level nuances.
  • There are two main types of protective orders, which vary slightly in how and when they’re used.
  • Here’s what you need to obtain a protective order – including the required evidence, possible testimony, and more.

What Is a Protective Order?

In Maryland, a protective order is special court order that states one person must stay a certain distance away from another and they must not commit certain acts against another. If you’re an out-of-stater or watch a lot of crime shows, you may know the order better as a “restraining order” or a “stay-away order.”

Protective orders specifically protect victims from their alleged abusers. Maryland courts legally define “abuse” as:

  • An act that causes physical harm;
  • An act that placed a person in fear of serious harm;
  • Assault;
  • Rape or sexual assault – even just attempted rape or sexual assault; or
  • False imprisonment.

In order to get a protective order in Maryland, the abuser must have a close relationship with their victim. For example, a victim may petition for a protective order if they are:

  • Married, divorced, or separated from their abuser;
  • Related by marriage, blood, or adoption to their abuser;
  • Living or have lived together in a sexual relationship for at least 90 days out of the past year with their abuser;
  • Parents together with their abuser;
  • In or were in a sexual relationship in the past year with their abuser;
  • A vulnerable adult being taken advantage of by their caretaker; or
  • Victims of rape or otherwise sexually assaulted by the other person in the past six months.

If the relationship conditions are not met for a protective order, then the victim may seek out a “peace order” – basically the same thing as a protective order, but without the intimate connection. (Think stalker, not abusive spouse.)

 

What Are the Different Types of Protective Order?

Maryland courts grant two main types of protection orders: Temporary and final.

  • Temporary protective orders provide short-term safeguards for up to a few days or weeks – just until both sides of the story can be heard in a Maryland courtroom.
  • Final protective orders protect the victim up to a full year.

Maryland Protective Orders: “Temporary” or “Emergency” Orders

Temporary protective orders are issued at the beginning of the case. These orders protect petitioners from abuse, threats, and harassment by ordering the accused party to have no contact, stay away from the others home, work, or school. It also orders them out of any shared residences.

The temporary protective order may also include conditions establishing:

  • Child custody,
  • Pet possession,
  • Child-care, and
  • Firearm possession.

Protections granted by a temporary protective order are, well, temporary. However, the order usually lasts until the final hearing of the case.

During that hearing, if the court decides that there is reason for a longer protection, they will issue a more permanent protective order.

 

Maryland Protective Orders: “Final” or “Permanent” Orders

A “final” protective order is issued after both the accused and the accuser present evidence to a Maryland court to either defend against or justify further legal protection.

If a judge determines there is cause for more permanent protections, then their final protective order will carry over similar safeguards from the temporary order. A final protective order may include additional provisions such as:

  • Temporary child access or visitation schedule;
  • Counseling for domestic abuse or substance abuse;
  • Potential emergency family maintenance or financial support; and
  • Who has use and possession of a shared vehicle.

These final protective orders are as “permanent” as legally permissible – up to a full year after the hearing. The victim may then petition the court for an extension of the protective order, if they can prove that additional time is needed.

 

How Can You Get a Protective Order?

If someone claims they or their children are victims of domestic abuse, then Maryland courts do not mess around.

To begin the process, a protective order applicant would need:

  • A Petition for Protection from Domestic Violence form, along with
  • An Addendum-Description of Respondent form.

Once these are completed, the applicant must talk to a court representative – a Maryland court commissioner – to make their case.

Getting an “Emergency” or Temporary Protective Order

The commissioner will hear the case and decide on the protective order based on evidence presented by the applicant.

No “he said, she said” circumstantial evidence will result in even a temporary order of protection, though. Only evidence that shows signs of abuse will be accepted by the commissioner, including but not limited to:

  • Pictures of wounds or bruises,
  • Police reports,
  • Medical records, and
  • Witness testimony to the abuse.

After hearing testimony and examining the initial evidence, a commissioner will grant an interim protective order – basically, the emergency protective order that errs on the side of caution before the opposing party can present evidence.

Once the commissioner grants the protective order, law enforcement will immediately serve – “deliver” – the order of protection to the accused. They’ll explain what can and cannot be done during the interim protective order, and when the next hearings are held.

These initial protections stand for two business days, or until a temporary protective order hearing is held.

During this second hearing for an actual temporary protective order, the accuser must provide proof of the abuse the accused inflicted once again.

Depending on the circumstances, a judge may order additional protections, such as no contact orders we referenced earlier.

In Maryland protective orders, a “no contact” directive means absolutely no contact of any kind – phone calls, texts, video calls, stopping by the residence, singing telegrams, whatever – can be exchanged or attempted between both parties while the protective order is active.

Temporary protective orders last for up to a week or until the final protective order hearing.

Getting a Final or “Permanent” Protective Order

At this “final” protective order hearing, a couple of things can happen.

  1. If the alleged abuser does not show up to a final protective order hearing, a judge may grant the applicant a “default order” – that is, a final order of protection is granted by default. This is why you never ignore a protective order summons. Otherwise, you can lose your house, your kids, your security clearance, your vehicles, your pets – almost everything you value – without having a chance to fight for it.
  2. If the alleged abuser shows up, the court proceeds with a formal hearing and the rules of evidence apply to both parties. Legal counsel can be brought for either party, and evidence can be provided by everyone to either prove or disprove the allegations of abuse. (Having a lawyer on your side can make or break a hearing, especially if the other party involved has retained legal counsel.)

At the end of this hearing, a judge might issue a final or “permanent” protective order if the applicant has offered compelling enough evidence.

This final protective order can have the same or different protections as the temporary order, but those protections only last for a year. The applicant can request an extension of the order at that time, given evidence that the order is still required.

Both parties will receive a copy of the final protective order at the conclusion of the hearing.

Getting Mutual Orders of Protection – The Bonus Protective Order!

If a judge finds that both parties – the accuser and the accused – were violent and abusive towards each other without a clear aggressor and victim, then they may order what’s called “Mutual Orders of Protection.”

A mutual order of protection means that both parties are prohibited from abusing, harassing, or interfering with the privacy or rights of each other. These mutual orders could also extend no-contact orders between the parties.

(It’s almost like everyone gets sent to a legal “time-out”, though clearly with much more serious ramifications for those involved.)

What Happens If You Break a Protective Order?

In Maryland, any violation of the protective order is considered a criminal offense.

The state or the other party may file charges if contact, harassment, or abuse continues despite the court’s protective order.

Sometimes, the court or the other party may argue that getting a mutual friend or family member to pass along a message doesn’t count as breaking the no-contact order. However, that’s an extremely tricky line to walk, particularly without legal counsel to guide you.

If communication is absolutely required, then consider talking through legal counsel to ensure that no one breaks the protective order, whether temporary or final. (It can help take some of the emotion out of communication, too, which can only help a volatile situation.)

Look, Maryland law is set up to stop a bad situation from getting worse. Victims of domestic violence can benefit from this “better safe than sorry” sort of approach.

However, people who might not be abusive may suddenly find themselves getting served with a temporary restraining order out of the blue, without an opportunity to talk through the problem with the opposing party.

That’s why the temporary order exists only for a week or two: So that the accused can have a fair shot to defend themselves in a court of law, while the accuser has safety and breathing room.

No matter whether you need to apply for or defend against a protective order, JC Law stands with our clients to get them the protections – and the safety, the normalcy – they deserve. If you need help, you can call anytime. Or, schedule a consultation at your convenience! We’re here to serve you.